In the petroleum refining process, catalytic cracking is a key technology for converting heavy oil into light products such as gasoline and diesel. However, trace metal impurities (such as nickel, vanadium, and copper) contained in crude oil will deposit on the surface of the catalyst during the reaction process, leading to two major problems: catalyst poisoning, where metals reduce the activity and selectivity of the catalyst, thereby lowering refining efficiency; and equipment damage, as vanadium compounds can corrode the reactor lining at high temperatures. Refining passivators are chemical additives specifically designed to alleviate these issues. They form stable complexes with harmful metals, “passivating” their destructive effects, while protecting the performance of the catalyst and extending the service life of the equipment.